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VMware OVF 확장자 개요
VMware에서 제공하는 Open Virtualization Format (OVF)는 가상 머신 및 가상 응용 프로그램을 표준화된 방식으로 기술하고 패키징하는 데 사용되는 개방형 표준입니다. OVF는 다양한 가상화 플랫폼 간에 호환성을 제공하며, 가상 환경의 배포, 설치, 관리 프로세스를 단순화합니다.
가상머신을 OVF로 내보내기를 하면 기본적으로 .ovf 파일(가상머신 구성 명세)과 .vmdk 파일(가상디스크)을 기본 구성으로 하고, 추가로 몇몇가지의 파일이 더 발생할 수 있습니다. 예를들어 CD-ROM 마운트가 되어 있으면 ISO파일을 추가로 생성하고, 무결성 검증을 위해 .mf파일이 추가로 생성 될 수 있습니다.
VMWare OVFTool
ovftool은 VMware에서 제공하는 클라우드 인프라 관리 도구입니다. 이 도구는 가상화 환경에서 가상 머신 이미지를 생성하고 관리하는 데 사용됩니다. ovftool은 Open Virtualization Format (OVF) 파일을 사용하여 가상 머신을 배포하고, 이를 다른 가상화 환경으로 전송할 수 있습니다.
주요 기능은 다음과 같습니다:
- OVF 파일 생성: 가상 머신을 OVF 파일로 변환하여 배포할 수 있습니다.
- 가상 머신 배포: 생성된 OVF 파일을 사용하여 다른 가상화 환경으로 가상 머신을 배포할 수 있습니다.
- 가상 머신 관리: 배포된 가상 머신의 상태를 모니터링하고 관리할 수 있습니다.
vSphere/vCenter 내보내기 vs VMware OVFTool
두 가지 방식 모두 ovf 또는 ova파일로 내보내기가 가능합니다. 다만, OVFTool 사용 시 다양한 옵션을 사용하여 자세하게 조정이 가능하고, 다양한 환경에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 또한, vSphere의 내보내기 기능 사용 시 시간 초과 및 각종 Bug(내보내기 도중 예기치 못한 종료) 등을 해결하기 위해 OVFTool을 사용하는 경우가 많습니다.
VMware OVFTool Download
VMware Ovf 공식 다운로드 사이트에 접속하여 사용자 환경에 맞는 OVFTool 다운로드
<https://developer.broadcom.com/tools/open-virtualization-format-ovf-tool/latest>
OVFTool 압축 파일을 받아 폴더에 풀고 exe파일을 명령줄에서 실행하면 사용할 수 있다.
VMware OVFTool Usage
OVFTool Usage: Export VM as ovf from vsphere
Command:
PS> .\\ovftool "vi://<계정>:<패스워드>@<HOST_IP>/<VM_이름>" ./<생성할_파일명>.ovf
Example:
PS C:\\Users\\dongh\\Desktop\\Utility\\VMware-ovftool-4.6.3-24031167-win.x86_64\\ovftool> .\\ovftool "vi://root:P@ssw0rd@192.168.70.61/windows2008" ./windows2008.ovf
Opening VI source: vi://root@192.168.70.61:443/windows2008
Opening OVF target: ./windows2008.ovf
Writing OVF package: .\\windows2008.ovf
Transfer Completed
Completed successfully
아래와 같이 .mf 파일, .ovf파일, .vmdk파일, .nvram 파일이 생성됩니다.
OVFTool Help
PS C:\\Desktop\\Utility\\VMware-ovftool-4.6.3-24031167-win.x86_64\\ovftool> .\\ovftool.exe --help
Usage: ovftool [options] <source> [<target>]
where
<source>: Source URL locator to an OVF package, VMX file, or virtual machine in
vCenter or on ESX Server.
<target>: Target URL locator which specifies either a file location, or a
location in the vCenter inventory or on an ESX Server.
If <target> is not specified, information about the source is displayed to the
console.
Options:
--acceptAllEulas : Accept all end-user licenses agreements
without being prompted.
--addDevice : Adds a virtual device for all
VirtualHardwareSections. The syntax is
--addDevice:<type>[=<opt1>=<val1>[,<opt2>=<val2>...]].
Device type currently can be only 'vtpm'.
Valid options for vTPM devices are:
required(true, false), name(text). Applies
to vi, vmx, vapprun, vCloud, ovf, and ova
source locators.
--allowAllExtraConfig : Whether we allow all the ExtraConfig
options. These options are a security risk
as they control low-level and potential
unsafe options on the VM.
--allowExtraConfig : Whether we allow ExtraConfig options. These
options are a security risk as they control
low-level and potential unsafe options on
the VM.
--annotation : Add annotation to vi, vmx, vapprun, vCloud,
OVF, and OVA source locators
--authdPortSource : Use this to override default vmware authd
port (902) when using a host as source.
--authdPortTarget : Use this to override default vmware authd
port (902) when using a host as target.
--chunkSize : Specifies the chunk size to use for files in
a generated OVF package. The default is not
to chunk. The chunk size without unit is
assumed to be in megabytes. Accepted units
are b, kb, mb, gb; e.g., 2gb or 100kb.
--compress : Compress the disks in an OVF package. Value
must be between 1 and 9. 1 is the fastest,
but gives the worst compression, whereas 9
is the slowest, but gives the best
compression.
--computerName : Sets the computer name in the guest for a VM
using the syntax --computerName:<VM
ID>=<value>. Only applies to vCloud targets
version 5.5 or newer.
--configFile : Configuration file to use to load options
from.
--coresPerSocket : Specifies the distribution of the total
number of CPUs over a number of virtual
sockets using the syntax
--coresPerSocket:<VM ID>=<value>. Only
applies to vCloud targets version 5.5 or
newer.
-ds/--datastore : Target datastore name for a VI locator.
--decodeBase64 : Decode option values with Base64.
--defaultStorageProfile : The storage profile for all VMs in the OVF
package. The value should be an SPBM profile
ID. Only applies to VI targets version 5.5
or newer.
--defaultStorageRawProfile : The storage profile for all VMs in the OVF
package. The value should be raw SPBM
profile. The value will overwrite that in
--defaultStorageProfile. Only applies to VI
targets version 5.5 or newer.
--deploymentOption : Selects what deployment option to use (if
the source OVF package supports multiple
options.)
--disableVerification : Skip validation of signature and
certificate.
-dm/--diskMode : Select target disk format. Supported formats
are: monolithicSparse, monolithicFlat,
twoGbMaxExtentSparse, twoGbMaxExtentFlat,
seSparse (VI target), eagerZeroedThick (VI
target), thin (VI target), thick (VI
target), sparse, and flat
--diskSize : Sets the size of a VM disk in megabytes
using the syntax --diskSize:<VM ID>,<disk
instance ID>=<value>. Only applies to vCloud
targets version 5.5 or newer.
--eula : EULA to be inserted in the first virtual
system or virtual system collection in the
OVF. If the EULA is in a file, use the
option --eula@=filename instead.
--exportDeviceSubtypes : Enables export of resource subtype for
CD/Floppy/Parallel/Serial devices. This can
limit portability as not all device backings
are supported on all hypervisors. The
default is false.
--exportFlags : Specifies one or more export flags to
control what gets exported. The supported
values for VI sources are mac, uuid, and
extraconfig. Supported value for vCloud
sources are preserveIdentity. One or more
options can be provided, separated by
commas.
--extraConfig : Sets an ExtraConfig element for all
VirtualHardwareSections. The syntax is
--extraConfig:<key>=<value>. Applies to vi,
vmx, vapprun, vCloud, ovf, and ova source
locators.
--fencedMode : If a parent network exists on the vCloud
target, this property specifies the
connectivity to the parent. Possible values
are bridged, isolated, and natRouted.
-h /--help : Prints this message.
--hideEula : In OVF probe mode, hides the EULA.
--importAsTemplate : Import VM as a Template when deployed on a
VI target.
--ipAllocationPolicy : IP allocation policy for a deployed OVF
package.Supported values are: dhcpPolicy,
transientPolicy, fixedPolicy,
fixedAllocatedPolicy.
--ipProtocol : Select what IP protocol to use (IPv4, IPv6).
--lax : Relax OVF specification conformance and
virtual hardware compliance checks. Use only
if you know what you are doing.
--locale : Selects locale for target.
--machineOutput : Output OVF Tool messages in a machine
friendly manner.
--makeDeltaDisks : Build delta disk hierarchy from the given
source locator.
--maxVirtualHardwareVersion : The maximal virtual hardware version to
generate.
--memorySize : Sets the memory size in megabytes of a VM
using the syntax --memorySize:<VM
ID>=<value>. Only applies to vCloud targets
version 5.5 or newer.
--multiDatastore : List of target datastore names for a VI
locator. datastore assignment is set using
the syntax
--mdatastore:<ovf:diskId>=<targetdatastore-name>.
multiple mds parameteres are used to specify
multiple datastore mappings. e.g.
--mdatastore:vmdisk1=datastore1
--mdatastore:vmdisk2=datastore2
The multi datastore flags can not be used
along with --datastore flag.
-n /--name : Specifies target name (defaults to source
name).
--net : Set a network assignment in the deployed OVF
package. A network assignment is set using
the syntax --net:<OVF name>=<target name>.
If the target is vCloud 5.5 or newer, a
fence mode can also be specified using the
syntax --net:<OVF name>=<target name>,<fence
mode>. Possible fence mode values are:
bridged, isolated, and natRouted.
-nw/--network : Target network for a VI deployment.
--nic : Specifies NIC configuration in a VM using
the syntax --nic:<VM ID>,<index>=<OVF net
name>,<isPrimary>,<ipAddressingMode>,<ipAddress>.
Possible values for ipAddressingMode are:
DHCP, POOL, MANUAL, and NONE. ipAddress is
optional and should only be used when
ipAddressingMode is set to MANUAL. Only
applies to vCloud targets version 5.5 or
newer.
--noDestinationSSLVerify : Skip SSL verification for target VI
connections.
--noDisks : Disable disk conversion.
--noImageFiles : Do not include image files in destination.
--noNvramFile : Do not include nvram file in destination.
--noProxyVerify : Skip Proxy SSL verification.
--noSSLVerify : Skip SSL verification for VI connections.
--noSourceSSLVerify : Skip SSL verification for source VI
connections.
--numberOfCpus : Sets the number of CPUs for a VM using the
syntax --numberOfCpus:<VM ID>=<value>. Only
applies to vCloud targets version 5.5 or
newer.
-o /--overwrite : Force overwrites of existing files.
--packageCert : Package a source OVF files with a
certificate file into an OVA as is with no
modifications.
--parallelThreads : Specifies how many threads should be used
for parallel transfer.
--powerOffSource : Ensures a VM/vApp is powered off before
importing from a VI source.
--powerOffTarget : Ensures a VM/vApp is powered off before
overwriting a VI target.
--powerOn : Powers on a VM/vApp deployed on a VI target.
--preCheck : Require pre check validations before
import/export, default is true
--privateKey : Sign OVF package with the given private key
(.pem file). The file must contain a private
key and a certificate.
--privateKeyPassword : Password for the private key. Should be used
in conjunction with privateKey if the
private key requires password
authentication. If required and not
specified, the tool will prompt for the
password.
--prop : Set a property in the deployed OVF package.
A property is set using the syntax
--prop:<key>=<value>.
--proxy : Proxy used for HTTP[S] access.
--proxyCert : Specify full path to Proxy Certificate.
--proxyNTLMAuth : Enable NTLM authentication for proxy.
--proxyPassword : Proxy password.
--proxyUsername : Proxy user name.
--pullUploadMode : Pull mode used in uploading files to VI
target, i.e. target pulls files.
-q /--quiet : No output to screen except errors.
--requireSignature : Require validation of signature and
certificate.
--schemaValidate : Validate OVF descriptor against OVF schema.
--shaAlgorithm : Select SHA digest algorithm when creating
OVF package. Supported values are SHA1,
SHA256 and SHA512. Default value is SHA256.
--signCommand : User callback to sign a manifest (.mf) file.
The command will take the .mf file as a
single argument and should generate a
complimentary .cert in the same directory.
--skipManifestCheck : Skip validation of OVF package manifest.
--skipManifestGeneration : Skip generation of OVF package manifest.
--sourcePEM : File path to PEM formatted file used to
verify VI connections.
--sourceSSLThumbprint : SSL fingerprint of SOURCE. OVF Tool verifies
the SSL fingerprint it gets from SOURCE if
the value is set.
-st/--sourceType : Explicitly express that source is OVF, OVA,
VMX, VI, vCloud, ISO, FLP, vApprun
--sslCipherList : Use this to override default OpenSSL ciphers
suite.
--sslVersion : Use this to set preferred TLS/SSL version
for HTTPS connections. The valid values are
as following:
TLSv1_0: Set preferred TLS/SSL version to
TLSv1.0.
TLSv1_1: Set preferred TLS/SSL version to
TLSv1.1.
TLSv1_2: Set preferred TLS/SSL version to
TLSv1.2.
--storageProfile : Sets the storage profile for a VM using the
syntax --storageProfile:<VM ID>=<value>.
Only applies to vCloud targets version 5.5
or newer.
--targetPEM : File path to PEM formatted file used to
verify VI connections.
--targetSSLThumbprint : SSL fingerprint of TARGET. OVF Tool verifies
the SSL fingerprint it gets from TARGET if
the value is set.
-tt/--targetType : Explicitly express that target is OVF, OVA,
VMX, VI, vCloud, ISO, FLP, vApprun
--vCloudTemplate : Create only a vApp template. Default value
is false
--vService : Set a vService assignment in the deployed
OVF package. A vService assignment is set
using the syntax
--vService:<dependencyId>=<providerId>.
--verifyOnly : Do not upload the source but only verify it
against the target host. Applies to VI 4
targets only.
--verifyViTargetManifest : Verify Sha1 digest of deployed files on a VI
target.
-v /--version : Prints the version of this tool.
--viCpuResource : Specify the CPU resource settings for
VI-locator targets. The syntax is
--viCpuResource=<shares>:<reservation>:<limit>.
--viMemoryResource : Specify the CPU resource settings for
VI-locator targets. The syntax is
--viMemoryResource=<shares>:<reservation>:<limit>.
-vf/--vmFolder : Target VM folder in VI inventory (relative
to datacenter).
For more help, type: --help <topic>, where topics are:
locators : For detailed source and destination locator syntax
examples : For examples of use
config : For syntax of configuration files
debug : For debug purpose
integration : For a list of options primarily used when ovftool is exec'ed
from another tool or shellscript.
감사합니다.
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